Bioknowledgy
questioning, investigating and understanding
  • Home
    • About
  • IB Biology
    • Syllabus
    • General Resources
    • Practical scheme of work >
      • Practical activities (Labs)
      • Individual investigation
      • IB Write
      • Group 4 project
  • Core
    • 1. Cell biology >
      • 1.1 Introduction to cells
      • 1.2 Ultrastructure of cells
      • 1.3 Membrane structure
      • 1.4 Membrane transport
      • 1.5 The origin of cells
      • 1.6 Cell division
    • 2. Molecular biology >
      • 2.1 Molecules to metabolism
      • 2.2 Water
      • 2.3 Carbohydrates and lipids
      • 2.4 Proteins
      • 2.5 Enzymes
      • 2.6 Structure of DNA and RNA
      • 2.7 DNA replication, transcription and translation
      • 2.8 Cell respiration
      • 2.9 Photosynthesis
    • 3. Genetics >
      • 3.1 Genes
      • 3.2 Chromosomes
      • 3.3 Meiosis
      • 3.4 Inheritance
      • 3.5 Genetic modification and biotechnology
    • 4. Ecology >
      • 4.1 Species, communities and ecosystems
      • 4.2 Energy flow
      • 4.3 Carbon cycling
      • 4.4 Climate change
    • 5. Evolution and biodiversity >
      • 5.1 Evidence for evolution
      • 5.2 Natural selection
      • 5.3 Classification of biodiversity
      • 5.4 Cladistics
    • 6. Human physiology >
      • 6.1 Digestion and absorption
      • 6.2 The blood system
      • 6.3 Defence against infectious disease
      • 6.4 Gas exchange
      • 6.5 Neurons and synapses
      • 6.6 Hormones, homeostasis and reproduction
  • Additional higher level (AHL)
    • 7. Nucleic acids >
      • 7.1 DNA structure and replication
      • 7.2 Transcription and gene expression
      • 7.3 Translation
    • 8. Metabolism, cell respiration and photosynthesis >
      • 8.1 Metabolism
      • 8.2 Cell respiration
      • 8.3 Photosynthesis
    • 9. Plant biology >
      • 9.1 Transport in the xylem of plants
      • 9.2 Transport in the phloem of plants
      • 9.3 Growth in plants
      • 9.4 Reproduction in plants
    • 10. Genetics and evolution >
      • 10.1 Meiosis
      • 10.2 Inheritance
      • 10.3 Gene pools and speciation
    • 11. Animal physiology >
      • 11.1 Antibody production and vaccination
      • 11.2 Movement
      • 11.3 The kidney and osmoregulation
      • 11.4 Sexual reproduction
  • Options
    • A. Neurobiology and behaviour >
      • A.1 Neural development
      • A.2 The human brain
      • A.3 Perception of stimuli
      • A.4 Innate and learned behaviour (AHL)
      • A.5 Neuropharmacology (AHL)
      • A.6 Ethology (AHL)
    • B. Biotechnology and bioinformatics
    • C. Ecology and conservation >
      • C.1 Species and communities
      • C.2 Communities and ecosystems
      • C.3 Impacts of humans on ecosystems
      • C.4 Conservation of biodiversity
      • C.5 Population ecology (AHL)
      • C.6 Nitrogen and phosphorus cycles (AHL)
    • D. Human physiology
  • BISV Revision
  • Giving back - BioKQQAnswers

Essential idea: Modification of neurons starts in the earliest stages of embryogenesis and continues to the final years of life.

This coloured Micrograph shows the development of the neural tube. At this early stage of development, the embryonic neural plate is still closing. Below the neural tube is the notochord, and at each side of the neural tube the mesoderm is organised to form the somites.

Understandings, applications and skills

A.1.U1 The neural tube of embryonic chordates is formed by infolding of ectoderm followed by elongation of the tube. [Terminology relating to embryonic brain areas or nervous system divisions is not required.]
A.1.U2 Neurons are initially produced by differentiation in the neural tube.
A.1.U3 Immature neurons migrate to a final location.
A.1.U4 An axon grows from each immature neuron in response to chemical stimuli.
A.1.U5 Some axons extend beyond the neural tube to reach other parts of the body.
A.1.U6 A developing neuron forms multiple synapses.
A.1.U7 Synapses that are not used do not persist.
A.1.U8 Neural pruning involves the loss of unused neurons.
A.1.U9 The plasticity of the nervous system allows it to change with experience.
A.1.A1 Incomplete closure of the embryonic neural tube can cause spina bifida.
A.1.A2 Events such as strokes may promote reorganization of brain function.
A.1.S1 Annotation of a diagram of embryonic tissues in Xenopus, used as an animal model, during neurulation.

Presentation and notes

The presentation is designed to help your understanding. The notes outline is intended to be used as a framework for the development of student notes to aid revision.
Use the Cornell style template to collate your own notes for this topic.

Nature of science

Use models as representations of the real world - developmental neuroscience uses a variety of animal models. (1.10)

International-mindedness

Cultural experiences, including the acquisition of a language, results in neural pruning.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.Creative Commons License
Proudly powered by Weebly