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    • 1. Cell biology >
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      • 1.3 Membrane structure
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  • Additional higher level (AHL)
    • 7. Nucleic acids >
      • 7.1 DNA structure and replication
      • 7.2 Transcription and gene expression
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      • 8.1 Metabolism
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      • 9.1 Transport in the xylem of plants
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    • 10. Genetics and evolution >
      • 10.1 Meiosis
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      • 10.3 Gene pools and speciation
    • 11. Animal physiology >
      • 11.1 Antibody production and vaccination
      • 11.2 Movement
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      • C.1 Species and communities
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      • C.6 Nitrogen and phosphorus cycles (AHL)
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  • Giving back - BioKQQAnswers

Essential idea: Gene pools change over time.

The two butterfly species of the Heliconius genus above have only recently diverged and consequently differ in twelve regions of their genomes. Other species of the genus diverged earlier show hundreds of genomic changes.
http://phys.org/news/2013-10-evolution-species-requires-genetic.html


Understandings, applications and skills

10.3.U1 A gene pool consists of all the genes and their different alleles, present in an interbreeding population.
10.3.U2 Evolution requires that allele frequencies change with time in populations.
10.3.U3 Reproductive isolation of populations can be temporal, behavioural or geographic.
10.3.U4 Speciation due to divergence of isolated populations can be gradual.
10.3.U5 Speciation can occur abruptly. [Punctuated equilibrium implies long periods without appreciable change and short periods of rapid evolution. ]
10.3.A1 Identifying examples of directional, stabilizing and disruptive selection.
10.3.A2 Speciation in the genus Allium by polyploidy.
10.3.S1 Comparison of allele frequencies of geographically isolated populations.
[Text in square brackets indicates guidance notes]

Starter

Speciation: Of Ligers & Men - another high speed introduction by Hank of Crash Course

Presentation and Notes

The presentation is designed to help your understanding. The notes outline is intended to be used as a framework for the development of student notes to aid revision.
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Vocabulary

Correct use of terminology is a key skill in Biology. It is essential to use key terms correctly when communicating your understanding, particularly in assessments. Use the quizlet flashcards or other tools such as learn, scatter, space race, speller and test to help you master the vocabulary.
This quizlet is a contribution from Melissa Pain
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Quick quiz

Quick quiz Use the BioK Quick Quiz on 10.3 Gene pools and speciation (as directed) to check your understanding of the topic.

Weblinks

Species
What is a species? and The Idea of a species by Mark Ridley

Speciation Examples
A new species of salamander evolving in California by PBS
Anole Lizards: An Example of Speciation by HHMI

Speciation
Speciation by ZeroBio
Speciation mechanisms by W H Freeman

Nature of science

Looking for patterns, trends and discrepancies—patterns of chromosome number in some genera can be explained by speciation due to polyploidy. (3.1) [linked to 10.3.A3]

Theory of knowledge

Punctuated equilibrium was long considered an alternative theory of evolution and a challenge to the long established paradigm of Darwinian gradualism. How do paradigm shifts proceed in science and what factors are involved in their success?
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