Bioknowledgy
questioning, investigating and understanding
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    • About
  • IB Biology
    • Syllabus
    • General Resources
    • Practical scheme of work >
      • Practical activities (Labs)
      • Individual investigation
      • IB Write
  • Core
    • 1. Cell biology >
      • 1.1 Introduction to cells
      • 1.2 Ultrastructure of cells
      • 1.3 Membrane structure
      • 1.4 Membrane transport
      • 1.5 The origin of cells
      • 1.6 Cell division
    • 2. Molecular biology >
      • 2.1 Molecules to metabolism
      • 2.2 Water
      • 2.3 Carbohydrates and lipids
      • 2.4 Proteins
      • 2.5 Enzymes
      • 2.6 Structure of DNA and RNA
      • 2.7 DNA replication, transcription and translation
      • 2.8 Cell respiration
      • 2.9 Photosynthesis
    • 3. Genetics >
      • 3.1 Genes
      • 3.2 Chromosomes
      • 3.3 Meiosis
      • 3.4 Inheritance
      • 3.5 Genetic modification and biotechnology
    • 4. Ecology >
      • 4.1 Species, communities and ecosystems
      • 4.2 Energy flow
      • 4.3 Carbon cycling
      • 4.4 Climate change
    • 5. Evolution and biodiversity >
      • 5.1 Evidence for evolution
      • 5.2 Natural selection
      • 5.3 Classification of biodiversity
      • 5.4 Cladistics
    • 6. Human physiology >
      • 6.1 Digestion and absorption
      • 6.2 The blood system
      • 6.3 Defence against infectious disease
      • 6.4 Gas exchange
      • 6.5 Neurons and synapses
      • 6.6 Hormones, homeostasis and reproduction
  • Additional higher level (AHL)
    • 7. Nucleic acids >
      • 7.1 DNA structure and replication
      • 7.2 Transcription and gene expression
      • 7.3 Translation
    • 8. Metabolism, cell respiration and photosynthesis >
      • 8.1 Metabolism
      • 8.2 Cell respiration
      • 8.3 Photosynthesis
    • 9. Plant biology >
      • 9.1 Transport in the xylem of plants
      • 9.2 Transport in the phloem of plants
      • 9.3 Growth in plants
      • 9.4 Reproduction in plants
    • 10. Genetics and evolution >
      • 10.1 Meiosis
      • 10.2 Inheritance
      • 10.3 Gene pools and speciation
    • 11. Animal physiology >
      • 11.1 Antibody production and vaccination
      • 11.2 Movement
      • 11.3 The kidney and osmoregulation
      • 11.4 Sexual reproduction
  • Options
    • A. Neurobiology and behaviour >
      • A.1 Neural development
      • A.2 The human brain
      • A.3 Perception of stimuli
      • A.4 Innate and learned behaviour (AHL)
      • A.5 Neuropharmacology (AHL)
      • A.6 Ethology (AHL)
    • B. Biotechnology and bioinformatics
    • C. Ecology and conservation >
      • C.1 Species and communities
      • C.2 Communities and ecosystems
      • C.3 Impacts of humans on ecosystems
      • C.4 Conservation of biodiversity
      • C.5 Population ecology (AHL)
      • C.6 Nitrogen and phosphorus cycles (AHL)
    • D. Human physiology
  • Giving back - BioKQQAnswers

Essential idea: Cell division is essential but must be controlled.

The image above shows a cancerous tumor in the lungs. Tumors are caused by uncontrolled cell division.

Understandings, applications and skills:

1.6.U1 Mitosis is division of the nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei. [The sequence of events in the four phases of mitosis should be known. To avoid confusion in terminology, teachers are encouraged to refer to the two parts of a chromosome as sister chromatids, while they are attached to each other by a centromere in the early stages of mitosis. From anaphase onwards, when sister chromatids have separated to form individual structures, they should be referred to as chromosomes.]
1.6.U2 Chromosomes condense by supercoiling during mitosis.
1.6.U3 Cytokinesis occurs after mitosis and is different in plant and animal cells.
1.6.U4 Interphase is a very active phase of the cell cycle with many processes occurring in the nucleus and cytoplasm.
1.6.U5 Cyclins are involved in the control of the cell cycle.
1.6.U6 Mutagens, oncogenes and metastasis are involved in the development of primary and secondary tumours.
1.6.A1 The correlation between smoking and incidence of cancers.
1.6.S1 Identification of phases of mitosis in cells viewed with a microscope or in a micrograph. [Preparation of temporary mounts of root squashes is recommended but phases in mitosis can also be viewed using permanent slides.]
1.6.S2 Determination of a mitotic index from a micrograph.
[Text in square brackets indicates guidance notes]

Starter

A fast paced run down on the essentials from Hank
A brilliant, clear and fun summary of cell division from Mr W. Remember than you don't need to differentiate between Prophase and Prometaphase.

Presentation and notes

The presentation is designed to help your understanding. The notes outline is intended to be used as a framework for the development of student notes to aid revision.
Download presentation


Vocabulary

Correct use of terminology is a key skill in Biology. It is essential to use key terms correctly when communicating your understanding, particularly in assessments. Use the quizlet flashcards or other tools such as learn, scatter, space race, speller and test to help you master the vocabulary.
Download notes


Quick quiz

Quick quiz Use the BioK Quick Quiz on 1.6 Cell division (as directed) to check your understanding of the topic.

Weblinks

Cell cycle
Cell Cycle Tutorial from "Cells Alive!" Mitosis
The Cell Cycle by Wisconsin Online

Mitosis
Mitosis by Sunamas Inc.

Mitosis tutorial
and quiz from Biocoach
Cell diviision from St Olaf
Tutorial on mitosis from WH Freeman
Phases of mitosis from the Khan Academy

Supercoiling and DNA Wrapping - how do you get 2m of DNA into a 60um cell?
DNA coiling to form chromosomes by Biostudio
DNA Wrapping molecular visualisation on Youtube

Tumour Development and Cancer
Cancer by the Khan Academy
Cancer and the cell cycle by NIH
Hallmarks of cancer - what features are common to all cancers? by EJCancer
How Cancer Grows from PBS
Cancer Quest
Emory University
Cancer warrior by PBS
How do cancer cells behave differently from healthy ones? Has some good information on cancer treatment by George Zaidan (TED Ed)


Cyclins
Cell Cycle Game (CDK's and cyclins) by Nobel Prize 2001
Identification of phases of mitosis in cells viewed with a microscope (by Stephanie Castle)
Videos showing cell division under a light microscope

Nature of science:

Serendipity and scientific discoveries—the discovery of cyclins was accidental. (1.4)

Awards presentation
for the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine
The discovery of cyclins by Tim Hunt - an extract from Cells by Benjamin Lewins

Eyes on the horizon, feet on the ground: interview with Tim Hunt from Science in School

International-mindedness:

Biologists in laboratories throughout the world are researching into the causes and treatment of cancer.
The TED video on the right is a talk by David Agus. He is example of cancer researcher working on new, cross-disciplinary approach, using atypical drugs, computer modeling and protein analysis to diagnose and treat the whole body.

Theory of knowledge:

A number of scientific discoveries are claimed to be incidental or serendipitous. To what extent might some of these scientific discoveries be the result of intuition rather than luck?

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