Essential idea: Cell division is essential but must be controlled.
The image above shows a cancerous tumor in the lungs. Tumors are caused by uncontrolled cell division.
Understandings, applications and skills:
| 1.6.U1 | Mitosis is division of the nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei. [The sequence of events in the four phases of mitosis should be known. To avoid confusion in terminology, teachers are encouraged to refer to the two parts of a chromosome as sister chromatids, while they are attached to each other by a centromere in the early stages of mitosis. From anaphase onwards, when sister chromatids have separated to form individual structures, they should be referred to as chromosomes.] |
| 1.6.U2 | Chromosomes condense by supercoiling during mitosis. |
| 1.6.U3 | Cytokinesis occurs after mitosis and is different in plant and animal cells. |
| 1.6.U4 | Interphase is a very active phase of the cell cycle with many processes occurring in the nucleus and cytoplasm. |
| 1.6.U5 | Cyclins are involved in the control of the cell cycle. |
| 1.6.U6 | Mutagens, oncogenes and metastasis are involved in the development of primary and secondary tumours. |
| 1.6.A1 | The correlation between smoking and incidence of cancers. |
| 1.6.S1 | Identification of phases of mitosis in cells viewed with a microscope or in a micrograph. [Preparation of temporary mounts of root squashes is recommended but phases in mitosis can also be viewed using permanent slides.] |
| 1.6.S2 | Determination of a mitotic index from a micrograph. |
[Text in square brackets indicates guidance notes]
Starter
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A fast paced run down on the essentials from Hank
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A brilliant, clear and fun summary of cell division from Mr W. Remember than you don't need to differentiate between Prophase and Prometaphase.
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Presentation and notes
The presentation is designed to help your understanding. The notes outline is intended to be used as a framework for the development of student notes to aid revision.
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Weblinks
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Cell cycle
Cell Cycle Tutorial from "Cells Alive!" Mitosis The Cell Cycle by Wisconsin Online Mitosis Mitosis by Sunamas Inc. Mitosis tutorial and quiz from Biocoach Cell diviision from St Olaf Tutorial on mitosis from WH Freeman Phases of mitosis from the Khan Academy Supercoiling and DNA Wrapping - how do you get 2m of DNA into a 60um cell? DNA coiling to form chromosomes by Biostudio DNA Wrapping molecular visualisation on Youtube Tumour Development and Cancer Cancer by the Khan Academy Cancer and the cell cycle by NIH Hallmarks of cancer - what features are common to all cancers? by EJCancer How Cancer Grows from PBS Cancer Quest Emory University Cancer warrior by PBS How do cancer cells behave differently from healthy ones? Has some good information on cancer treatment by George Zaidan (TED Ed) Cyclins Cell Cycle Game (CDK's and cyclins) by Nobel Prize 2001 |
Identification of phases of mitosis in cells viewed with a microscope (by Stephanie Castle)
Videos showing cell division under a light microscope
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Nature of science:
Serendipity and scientific discoveries—the discovery of cyclins was accidental. (1.4)
Awards presentation for the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine
The discovery of cyclins by Tim Hunt - an extract from Cells by Benjamin Lewins
Eyes on the horizon, feet on the ground: interview with Tim Hunt from Science in School
Awards presentation for the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine
The discovery of cyclins by Tim Hunt - an extract from Cells by Benjamin Lewins
Eyes on the horizon, feet on the ground: interview with Tim Hunt from Science in School
International-mindedness:
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Biologists in laboratories throughout the world are researching into the causes and treatment of cancer.
The TED video on the right is a talk by David Agus. He is example of cancer researcher working on new, cross-disciplinary approach, using atypical drugs, computer modeling and protein analysis to diagnose and treat the whole body.
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Theory of knowledge:
A number of scientific discoveries are claimed to be incidental or serendipitous. To what extent might some of these scientific discoveries be the result of intuition rather than luck?
